What it is:
This is the most basic and versatile structure. It’s suitable for almost any speaking situation, including short presentations, sales pitches, product overviews, or welcome speeches.

How it works:

1. Introduction – Greet the audience, introduce yourself, and clearly state the topic or purpose. Add a hook to grab attention.

2. Body – Present 2–4 main points, using signposting to move between them.

3. Conclusion – Summarize key ideas, restate your main message, and end with a strong final line or call to action.

Example (Tourism context):
A hotel manager giving a welcome briefing to a group of new guests.

• Intro: “Good afternoon, everyone. I’m Maria, your guest experience manager. Let me give you a quick overview of how to make the most of your stay here.”

• Body: “First, I’ll explain the main facilities… Next, I’ll tell you about tours and activities… Finally, some safety tips and our contact information.”

• Conclusion: “To sum up, our team is here to help. Don’t hesitate to ask—we want your stay to be unforgettable.”

 

What it is:
A persuasive structure ideal for business contexts like product pitches, innovation proposals, or service improvements. You start by presenting a challenge, then offer a well-reasoned solution.

How it works:

1. Problem – Describe the issue clearly and with context or examples.

2. Solution – Introduce your idea, product, or strategy to solve the problem.

3. Benefits – Explain how your solution helps and why it’s the best choice.

Example (Business context):
Pitching a new booking system to a hotel chain.

• Problem: “Many of our guests report long check-in times, especially during high season.”

• Solution: “We propose adopting a mobile check-in system to speed up arrivals and reduce front desk pressure.”

• Benefits: “This will save time, reduce staff workload, and improve the guest experience.”

What it is:
Used when presenting a sequence of events or steps in a process—ideal for describing itineraries, schedules, timelines, or project developments.

How it works:

1. Start with the beginning of the timeline

2. Move forward step by step (morning to evening, day 1 to day 5, etc.)

3. End with what happens last or what’s next

Example (Tourism context):
Explaining a 3-day cultural tour itinerary.

• “On the first day, we’ll explore the Old Town and visit the local market…
  On day two, we’ll travel to the mountains for a guided hike…
  Finally, on the third day, you’ll have a relaxing afternoon at the beach.”

What it is:
A flexible and conversational structure based on anticipating the audience’s questions. It’s especially effective for customer service talks, product/service introductions, and interactive briefings.

How it works:

• Frame your presentation around questions like:

  • “What is it?”

  • “How does it work?”

  • “Why should I choose this?”

  • “How can I book/contact/use it?”

Example (Tourism or Business context):
Presenting a new travel app.

• “What is EasyTrip? It’s a mobile app that lets travelers customize their itinerary in real time.

• How does it work? You download the app, select your preferences, and it updates your plan based on live data.

• Why use it? It saves time, improves flexibility, and ensures you don’t miss must-see spots.”

Greet and start  

 “Good morning, everyone.” / “Thank you for being here.”
State your topic    

“Today I’d like to talk about…” / “My presentation will focus on…”
Preview structure    

“I’ll divide my talk into three parts…” / “First, I’ll give some background, then I’ll present the findings, and finally I’ll discuss implications.”

Start first point  

 “Let’s begin with…” / “The first point I’d like to make is…”

Transition  

 “Now, let’s move on to…” / “Turning to the next topic…” / “That brings me to…”

Adding a point  

 “In addition…” / “Another key point is…” / “Furthermore…”

Clarify meaning  

 “In other words…” / “To put it another way…” / “Let me rephrase that.”
Emphasize importance

   “It’s important to note that…” / “I’d like to stress that…” / “What this really means is…”

Give examples  

 “For instance…” / “Such as…” / “A good example of this is…”

Support ideas  

 “According to a recent study…” / “As research shows…” / “This can be seen in…”

Summarize  

 “To sum up…” / “In summary…” / “Let me recap the main points…”
Conclude  

 “In conclusion…” / “That brings me to the end of my talk…”

Invite questions  

 “Thank you for listening. I’d be happy to take any questions.” / “Now I’d like to open the floor for discussion.”

Why: Long, complex sentences can overwhelm listeners, especially in spoken language where there’s no time to re-read.

Example:
❌ “In regard to the multiple packages our agency provides, clients are advised to consider which ones better align with their current lifestyle preferences and financial capacity.”

✅ “We offer several packages. Choose the one that fits your lifestyle and budget best.”

Tip: Break big ideas into smaller pieces. Speak in units of meaning, pausing between them.

Why: Technical terms, acronyms, or business slang can confuse audiences who aren’t familiar with them.

Example (Engineering + Tourism):
❌ *“The hotel’s Wi-Fi operates via dual-band MU-MIMO routers.”
✅ “The hotel provides high-speed Wi-Fi that works well for multiple devices.”

Tip: If you must use a technical term, explain it in simple language immediately after.

Why: Repeating ideas in a different way reinforces understanding—especially helpful for multilingual audiences.

Useful phrases:

• “Let me say that another way…”

• “To put it differently…”

• “In simpler terms…”

Example:
“This solution is cost-effective. In other words, it saves money without reducing quality.”

Why: Emphasis helps listeners recognize what’s important. You can do this with tone, volume, pauses, or signposting phrases.

Techniques:

• Change tone or pace to highlight a point

• Pause before or after a key phrase

• Use emphasis phrases:

  • “What’s really important here is…”

  • “The key takeaway is…”

Why: Examples anchor abstract ideas in real-world scenarios. This is especially effective in tourism (descriptions, cultural references) and business (case studies, client stories).

Example:
“Many tourists are looking for authentic experiences—for example, cooking with a local family rather than eating in a hotel.”

Tip: Use concrete nouns and vivid verbs to make descriptions come alive.

Why: A clear flow of ideas reduces confusion and helps listeners mentally “map” your presentation.

Tip: Combine clear structure (intro–body–conclusion) with signposts such as:

• “Let’s start with…”

• “Now let’s turn to…”

• “To sum up…”

Context: Imagine you are tour guides for a new location.
Task: In pairs, write a 2-minute mini tour intro using this structure:

1. Greeting

2. Overview of the location

3. Main highlights (3 points)

4. What’s coming next

Then, present it to the class using clear structure and signposting.

Identify how speakers use clear structure and signposting to guide their audience.

 

1.-Identify the introduction, main points, and conclusion.

2.-Highlight any signposting language (e.g., first, let's look at, to sum up).