Speak up! 4. Signposting: Navigating Your Audience Through Your Speech

• “Today, I’m going to talk about…”

• “The purpose of this presentation is to…”

• “I’d like to begin by…”

• “Let’s start with…”

• “This talk will cover…”

• “We’ll explore three main areas…”

• “First…, Second…, Third…”

• “To begin with…”

• “Next…”

• “Then…”

• “After that…”

• “Finally…”

• “Moving on to…”

✅ Use when presenting steps, features, or stages in technical systems (e.g., how data is transmitted).

• “Now that we’ve covered X, let’s move on to Y.”

• “So far, we’ve looked at…”

• “Let’s now shift our focus to…”

• “Another important aspect is…”

• “In contrast…”

• “On the other hand…”

✅ Use when moving from theory to application or comparing technologies (e.g., 4G vs. 5G).

• In other words…”

• “To put it simply…”

• “That means…”

• “What I’m trying to say is…”

• “This can be explained as…”

• “Let me clarify that…”

✅ Great for simplifying jargon-heavy explanations

• “For example…”

• “Let’s take a look at…”

• “Such as…”

• “One illustration of this is…”

• “A real-world case of this is…”

• “To illustrate this point…”

✅ Encourages the use of relatable or field-specific examples (e.g., smart cities, network outages).

• “It’s important to note that…”

• “What this means is…”

• “This is particularly significant because…”

• “Let me stress that…”

• “I want to highlight…”

• “You should remember that…”

✅ Use when underscoring a critical concept or transition

• “To sum up…”

• “In summary…”

• “So far, we’ve covered…”

• “To recap…”

• “Let’s briefly go over the key points…”

• “Just to reiterate…”

• “In conclusion…”

• “To wrap things up…”

• “As we’ve seen…”

• “To finish, I’d like to leave you with…”

• “Thank you for listening—now I’d be happy to take any questions.”

• “Let me end by reminding you of…”

Good morning everyone. Today, I’m going to talk about how 5G technology is transforming communication as we know it. First, we’ll look at what 5G actually is and how it differs from previous generations like 4G. Then, we’ll explore its real-world applications—from healthcare to smart cities. Finally, I’ll discuss what challenges we face in adopting this technology worldwide.”

“Let’s start with the basics. 5G stands for the fifth generation of mobile networks. It’s not just about faster internet on your phone—it’s a complete redesign of how data travels. To put it simply, 5G is like upgrading from a two-lane road to an eight-lane highway, allowing more data to travel at higher speeds with less delay.”

“Now that we’ve covered what 5G is, let’s move on to how it’s being used. For example, in the healthcare sector, doctors can now perform remote surgeries with the help of ultra-low-latency 5G connections. In smart cities, 5G enables connected cars to communicate with traffic lights, improving traffic flow and safety.”

“This brings us to an important point: while 5G has great potential, it also comes with challenges. One key issue is infrastructure—5G requires thousands of small antennas placed much closer together than 4G towers. Another concern is security, especially as more devices get connected to the network.”

“To sum up, we’ve explored what 5G is, how it’s being used, and what barriers remain. As engineers and technologists, it’s important for us not only to build the technology—but also to communicate its potential clearly to the public and policymakers. Thank you for your attention. I’m happy to answer any questions you may have.

After viewing, categorize the identified signposts into:

• Introduction

• Transition between points

• Emphasis

• Examples

• Conclusion