Speak up! 3. The Efficacy of Language: Metaphors, Analogies, Examples, and the Avoidance of Jargon

3. The Efficacy of Language: Metaphors, Analogies, Examples, and the Avoidance of Jargon

Jargon

In public speaking, how you say something is just as important as what you say. This section focuses on using effective, accessible language to help your audience understand complex ideas.

You’ll learn how to:

  • Use metaphors and analogies to explain abstract or technical concepts in relatable terms

  • Include concrete examples that bring your topic to life

  • Avoid jargon and overly technical language that may confuse or alienate your listeners

By making your language clear, vivid, and audience-friendly, you'll connect more easily and make a stronger impact from the very first minute of your presentation.

Metaphor

A direct comparison that describes something as if it is something else.
“Public speaking is a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets.”

Analogy

A detailed comparison that explains something unfamiliar by relating it to something familiar.
 “Explaining encryption to someone is like explaining how a locked mailbox works—only the person with the right key can open it.”

Example

A specific case or story that illustrates a general point.

 “For instance, when NASA used AI to optimize fuel usage, it saved millions of dollars.”

Jargon

Specialized language used by a particular profession or group that outsiders may not understand.
 Instead of “cloud-native microservices,” say: “apps designed specifically to run online, using flexible building blocks.”

Jargon makes your speech exclusive, not inclusive. If your audience doesn’t understand your words, they won’t follow your message—no matter how smart it is. Use plain language whenever possible, especially in your introduction, when you need to quickly build connection and trust.

  Spot the jargon. Rewrite the sentence in clear, audience-friendly language

We used artificial intelligence to improve how users experience the product.

The system uses a feedback loop to keep the temperature stable.

We’re using computer simulations to see how the part holds up under pressure.

The sound quality needs to be clear enough for good service.

We improved the antenna design so the system can send more data at once.

 Match each technical idea with the most appropriate metaphor or analogy.

Terms Pairings Definitions

 Link each concept to its definition

Terms Pairings Definitions

Prepare a 1-minute mini-speech on one of the following topics

  • How 5G technology changes communication

  • The role of satellites in global connectivity

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) in smart cities

  • Sustainable engineering solutions for energy

Use:

  • At least one metaphor or analogy

  • One real-life example

  • Avoid unnecessary jargon

 

  Before Watching

  • What challenges do technical speakers face when addressing non-experts?

  • Have you ever struggled to explain something from your field to a friend or family member?

  • What do you expect from a talk titled “Talk Nerdy to Me”?

  Watch the TED Talk: Talk nerdy to me

  Post-Watching

  • How does Melissa Marshall build a connection with the audience?

  • What made her talk easy to follow—even if you’re not a scientist or engineer?

  • Which rhetorical strategy was most effective in your opinion? Why?

  • What lessons can you apply to your own technical presentations?